Criminal Investigations Basic Perspectives 13th Edition Practice Test

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• The type of informant is motivated to divulge information to the police for a variety of reasons such as jealousy greed revenge or to eliminate competition.
• How do probable cause and reasonable suspicion differ in practice?
• Which figure is credited with professionalizing American policing in the early 20th century?
• Which serial killer type is described as seeking personal gain and acts as a professional assassin?
• Which missing-person group is most frequently represented in annual cases?
• What is crime scene reconstruction and its purpose?
• How can a confession be deemed admissible despite potential coercion concerns?
• Which type of serial killer feels the conscious need to eradicate a group or class of people and is not psychotic and is in touch with reality?
• What is intelligence-led policing and how does it influence investigations?
• Which type of child molester is an abuser of all available adults and children, motivated toward sexual experimentation and does not have a preference for children?
• Why is risk assessment included in undercover operation planning?
• What are the basic steps involved in a fire investigation?
• Which statement best describes a fair lineup protection?
• Which test is used to indicate prior blood presence even after cleanup in a crime scene?
• What is the basic principle of DNA collection from biological evidence?
• As a result of gravity, when the blood stops circulating, it begins to settle to the lowest portion of the body. This process is known as?
• How should informants be handled to maintain reliability?
• Which group of children represents the most common missing person case?
• Fingerprints that cannot be seen with the naked eye and must be developed to be seen are known as what type of prints?
• Who is primarily responsible for deciding to charge a suspect with a crime in the criminal justice system?
• What term describes a brief detention for questioning based on reasonable suspicion, potentially accompanied by a weapons search?
• Which element is commonly examined in digital evidence to establish timing and authorship?
• The type of evidence that cannot be linked to a particular person or object is known as what?
• Which type of abduction is the least reported yet the most serious?
• The person who first developed a system of human Identification, known as anthropometry
• What is the purpose of using analyzed data in intelligence-led policing?
• Residential robberies are also known as which term?
• Which analytical technique uses neutron irradiation to reveal elemental composition of a sample?
• The system of police hiring based on political connections is known as?
• Racially biased comments by a subject should be considered in evaluating the subject's what?
• Which of the following are key components of effective report writing and court communication?
• What are the basics of Miranda rights and when must they be given?
• Age, intelligence, mental state, and intoxication affect a person's ability to testify; this concerns the person's what?
• Approximately how many fingerprint sets are contained within the FBI database?
• A sympathetic approach that uses expressions of understanding and compassion is appropriate for what type of offender?
• How should evidence be packaged and labeled at a crime scene?
• The advantage of a crime scene sketch that cannot be accomplished with photography is the elimination of unnecessary detail.
• What is cognitive interviewing and its core techniques?
• Which term describes the process of cooling the body after death (Algor Mortis)?
• Crime partners who commit robberies and are typically associates living in the same neighborhood and who have served time together are referred to as which?
• What common causes of wrongful convictions relate to investigations?
• Which early criminologist and police reformer is credited with introducing a systematic approach to detective work in the United States?
• The fixated child molester and the sadistic child molester are most commonly associated with which type of abduction?
• Which term describes the condition where blood settles to the lowest parts of the body after death (Lividity)?
• What is toolmark analysis and its limitations?
• The state DNA data banks are linked together by the FBI to form a national DNA database known as?
• The two-prong test that determines when the Miranda warning must be given is met when which conditions are present?
• Which type of child molester is described as harming or killing a child and having a clear association between sexual gratification and violence?
• When more than one person is responsible for the commission of a crime and when one suspect is identified, the other suspects may be identified as well using which investigative lead?
• During an interview, moving around or fidgeting are examples of what type of signals?
• The subject says no but shakes his head yes. This is an example of what?
• This type of lineup is held shortly after the commission of the crime and involves bringing the witness to the suspects location and is known as?
• Noting racially biased comments helps assess the subject's what?
• What is the role of nonverbal behavior analysis in interviews?
• Which term describes a caregiver fabricating illness or symptoms in a child to gain attention or sympathy?
• What type of abduction occurs when one family member takes or keeps a child away from another family member in violation of custodial rights?
• Which constitutional amendment provides citizens protection against unreasonable searches and seizures?
• Which killer has connected personal violence with sexual gratification, murdering because they derive pleasure from the act?
• The homicide or killing of two or more victims as a result of separate murders when an individual, acting alone, or with another, commits multiple homicides during a period of time with breaks in between
• What standard is lower than probable cause and justifies brief detention or stops?
• Bonded labor is a form of trafficking where victims are compelled to work to repay a debt owed by whom?
• A person working to pay off a debt owed by their ancestors is identified as a victim of which type of human trafficking?
• How are privacy rights and searches of vehicles handled in investigations?
• What constitutes a valid search warrant and common exceptions?
• A person may waive constitutionally provided protections to allow an investigator to search home, person, and property. This is known as?
• What ethical standards should guide criminal investigations?
• In footwear and tire impression analysis, what is used to compare collected impressions with potential matches?
• what type of rapist is very image conscious and believes he has a right to rape women because he is a man expressing his virility and personal dominance?
• Which test can determine if blood was present at one time even after cleanup?
• What best describes show-up identification versus a lineup?
• Bloody fingerprints left on weapons or at the crime scene are known as what type of prints?
• Which statement best describes the roles of field tests versus laboratory analysis in investigations?
• What is productive questioning in interviews?
• The study of the effects of poisons on the human body is known as
• The essential elements of a crime that must be proven is known as?
• DNA is found in all cells that contain a nucleus. Each nucleated cell contains the full complement of an individual's DNA, which is called?
• The killing of three of more in a relatively short period of time
• A person who is an informant within an organized crime organization and provides information to investigators based on a position of trust from within the organization is known as what type of informant?
• The removal of a deceased person's body from its burial place is known as?
• A person who supplies information to investigators about organized crime that is based on a position of trust and confidence from within the organization is known as what type of informant?
• Investigators may enter or search a premises without a warrant if what type of circumstances exist?
• Which statement best describes the rights of passengers during vehicle searches?
• Criminals often use codes and ciphers to protect the security of their messages and transactions. This is known as?
• What is show-up identification, and when is it appropriate?
• How many adults and children does the US Congress estimate are victims of human trafficking each year?
• Who is known today as the father of modern police detective?
• Which device identifies the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing emitted light?
• Which identification procedure is held shortly after the crime and involves bringing the witness to the suspect's location?
• The federal law enforcement agency that would have jurisdiction in the event of a terrorist attack similar to 9/11
• The practice of temporarily detaining a person for questioning with a possible pat-down for weapons is called?
• The crime laboratory's analysis of human hair cannot determine which of the following?
• Being able to account for an item of evidence from its finding to presentation in court is known as what?
• Eyewitnesses to crimes will often be asked to look at pictures of persons arrested for similar crimes. These photos are known as what?
• In eyewitness identification, when photos are not available, a police artist develops what visual aids?
• The brief contact with the victim and witness for the purposes of gathering suspect information is done for what purpose?
• Many DNA samples are either contaminated, degraded, or small in quantity. These problems are overcome by which process?
• What is the term for the basic units of heredity that differ among individuals?
• Which type of prints are contamination by blood and are found on weapons or scene items?
• In medieval policing, what practice required citizens to raise alarm to catch criminals?
• Which type of interference occurs when previously learned information disrupts the absorption of new information?
• Fingerprints left on smooth slippery surfaces such as plastic bags can be developed by using what process?
• Which term describes a situation in which enough facts lead a reasonable person to believe there is a fair probability of criminal activity?
• Crime partners who commit robberies and tend to live in the same neighborhood, share suppliers, or have served time together are known as which groups?
• what type of rapist is on a mission to get even with women for all the injustices, real or imaginary, he has suffered in his lifetime, using far more force than necessary and exceptional physical brutality?
• Which factor would most directly undermine the credibility of forensic testimony?
• Which type of human trafficking is by far the most common?
• The first officer on the scene should identify potential witnesses and __________ them as soon as possible.
• During an interview, the subject begins to move around in the chair, jiggles his or her feet, and fidget. These are signs of a lack of what?
• What is the name of the principle that evidence can be transferred through contact?
• Which type of serial killer is propelled to kill by voices he or she hears or visions he sees, indicating a break from reality?
• Which serial killer kills for personal gain and is described as a professional assassin?
• Which type of search involves listing and securing a vehicle’s contents during lawful custody?
• A police report of contact with persons who are engaged in suspicious activity not amounting to a crime is known as what?
• What term describes the requirement that a person must meet to testify?
• What practice is essential to ensuring DNA evidence remains reliable from collection to storage?
• Who is recognized as the father of modern policing in America?
• Why is effective case management and an investigation plan important?
• Which type of prints are typically formed on surfaces by residues and are not easily visible without development?
• Which laboratory equipment or method is capable of identifying the components in compounds?
• How is footwear and tire impression evidence collected and analyzed?
• Which statement best distinguishes a non-accusatory interview from an interrogation?
• The scientist who refined the technique necessary for the determination of where or not a bullet was fired from a suspects weapon
• In medieval England, what principle required all citizens to respond to protect the community?
• Which serial killer receives sexual gratification from the complete domination of his victim and believes he has the power to make the victim do anything?
• Which piece of laboratory equipment would be used to determine the elements contained within mineral samples?
• What is serology in forensic science?
• The homicide or killing of four or more victims during a single event, usually at one location is known as?
• In undercover operation planning, what is the purpose of a post-operation debrief?
• Which term refers to the system that stores DNA profiles across jurisdictions?
• In terms of child abduction, which category involves a family member seizing and withholding a child from another parent in violation of custodial rights?
• Which type of child molester typically has normal relationships with adults but turns to children as a temporary object for sexual gratification due to a situational occurrence?
• Which type of prints cannot be seen with the naked eye and must be developed to be seen?
• Which technique is useful in determining if a suspect or victim has recently fired a handgun?
• Which form of human trafficking is described as being by far the most common?
• Which type of child molester is often childlike, selects children as sexual objects because they are less demanding and more easily dominated, is not interested in physically harming the child, truly loves children and does not want to harm them?
• Parents or caretakers who attempt to bring medical attention to themselves by injuring or inducing illness in their children are known as?
• What are best practices for preserving digital evidence?
• Fingerprints left on smooth nonporous surfaces such as glass can be developed using what?
• The scientist who theorized that when a criminal came into contact with another object or person, a cross-transference of evidence could occur
• Which form of human trafficking is described as the most common type of trafficking overall?
• Which term describes the process of documenting evidence from discovery to courtroom presentation?
• In a child abduction investigation, which combination describes the two-pronged approach?
• Diligent inquiry will disclose a network of other incidents, victims, and pedophiles. This ___________ links activity likely to identify a previously unknown child molester.
• Fingerprints found in soft material such as tar or glaziers putty are known as what type of prints?
• Which criterion emphasizes testability, peer review, error rates, and general acceptance in evaluating admissibility of expert evidence?
• The first officers responding to a crime scene are responsible for making sure the scene is safe for other personnel to enter. This step is known as?
• Which type of child molester has connected sexual gratification with personal violence, has no love for children, and is only interested in harming or killing the child?
• What is victimology and how does it aid investigations?
• Which of the following is a key consideration in surveillance planning and operation legality?
• Which practice best ensures continuity and integrity of evidence from collection to court?
• The factual analysis approach during interrogation works best on what type of offender?
• Which term refers to the FBI-administered clearinghouse for information regarding serial killers that allows linking cases and coordinating investigations?
• Approximately how many sets of fingerprints are contained within the FBI national database?
• Biochemical changes after death produce a stiffening of the muscles known as?
• What are common methods for preserving fingerprints at a scene?
• What is the primary purpose of a search incident to arrest?
• The claim of being somewhere else at the time the crime was committed is known as what?
• What are digital or electronic evidence types commonly encountered?
• Which term describes a professional who conducts scientific examination in a forensic laboratory?
• The use of science to answer legal questions is known as
• Which type of child molester tends to choose children as sexual objects because they are less demanding and easier to dominate?
• Which program serves as the clearinghouse for information about serial killers to help link cases?
• In a child abduction investigation, the two-pronged approach includes which of the following?
• In crime scene documentation, what is the benefit of using a sketch that may omit details?
• Which term refers to a rapist who feels entitled to rape due to gender and expresses dominance?
• The major method of detecting murder involves autopsies performed by which type of physician?
• Which type of child molester is described as pursuing sexual experimentation with little regard to age specificity?
• What memory phenomenon occurs when a witness unconsciously incorporates new information about the crime after the event, potentially altering recall?
• How does victim protection and safety planning support investigations?
• A person who has been arrested for a criminal offense and agrees to cooperate with investigators to supply information concerning others involved in criminal activity is known as what type of informant?
• What methods are used in crime scene reconstruction?
• Why is evidence documentation integrity essential?
• Which type of child molester includes persons who are suffering from some form of mental disorder that renders them unable to distinguish between right and wrong, including sexual practices with children, and finds children to be nonthreatening which allows them to feel more in control?
• Which piece of laboratory equipment would be effective for serial number recovery?
• Which role in the criminal justice system has the authority to file charges against a suspect?
• In a four-step interviewing process, when should the investigator begin taking notes or recording the interview?
• The chronological log maintained by officers guarding the perimeter is based on what?
• What is the name of the doctrine that allows observing and seizing evidence without a warrant when the incriminating object is in plain view?
• What is criminal profiling and its evidentiary value?
• What are the Daubert and Frye standards for expert testimony?
• Which term refers to the removal of a body from its burial site?
• Residential robberies are also known as which term?
• Which type of evidence is typically collected to support a fire investigation's analysis of ignition?
• Differences within a particular segment of a DNA sequence are known as?
• A denial followed by a head shake can be described as what in interview analysis?
• Hedonistic Serial Killer is also known as which label?
• What are essential elements of an undercover operation plan and risk management?
• Which standard is primarily used to assess whether an expert technique is generally accepted by the scientific community?
• The professional name for employees in a forensic laboratory who conduct the scientific examination is?
• Which search or seizure method involves inventorying a vehicle’s contents during police custody?
• Which of the following should not be released to the media by investigators?
• At what step in the interview process should the investigator begin probing for any competency or credibility issues that might arise?
• What role does officer training play in surveillance planning and operation legality?
• What are lineups, and what protections ensure fairness?
• Which items are typically examined in ballistics?
• The cooling of the body after death is known as what?
• Which term describes the killing of two or more victims in separate incidents over time?
• After death a chemical breakdown begins that results in the softening and liquefaction of the body. This is known as?
• Which technique is used to retrieve latent fingerprints from a surface?
• The process by which a wanted fugitive is returned to the state where the crime occurred is called?
• When photos are not available, an eyewitness might be asked to collaborate with a police artist in developing what?
• Electronic surveillance conducted with the consent of one party to the conversation is known as what?
• Which doctrine prevents illegally obtained evidence from being admitted at trial?
• What distinguishes a non-accusatory interview from an interrogation (in practice)?
• Which term describes the electronic surveillance arrangement in which one party to a conversation consents to the recording?
• Which type of rapist uses a minimal amount of force and is trying to elevate his own self-status because he believes he is a loser and that controlling another person will make him important?
• Which statement best captures eyewitness biases to consider in identification?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between field testing and laboratory analysis in investigations?
• What percentage of our conversation is nonverbal?
• Which option represents a NOT core cognitive interviewing technique?
• Which term describes hiring based on political connections rather than merit in early American policing?
• Which scenario demonstrates a stop based on reasonable suspicion?
• Which term describes the body's breakdown after death due to internal enzymatic activity?
• Which legal doctrine governs whether illegally obtained evidence can be used in court?
• The crime scene search pattern that starts at one end and back and forth until the area is searched is known as Strip search.
• The examination of gunshot residue can indicate whether a victim or a suspect has recently fired a firearm. Which statement is true?
• What term describes the act of temporarily isolating witnesses to prevent influence on their statements?
• The essential elements of the crime are known as the Corpus delecti.
• Which type of rapist derives intense gratification from torturing his victims?
• a person reporting a forcible sexual assault has just been through an emotionally shattering experience and may be in shock. This is known as?
• What is the purpose of a case disposition or case closing report?